Introduction
This almanac page for Saturday, August 19, 1972, pulls together various records created by the federal government and links to additional resources which can provide context about the events of the day.
Previous Date: Friday, August 18, 1972
Next Date: Sunday, August 20, 1972
Schedule and Public Documents
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The Daily Diary files represent a consolidated record of the President's activities. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
The President's day began at Camp David, Maryland
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The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents made available transcripts of the President's news conferences; messages to Congress; public speeches, remarks, and statements; and other Presidential materials released by the White House.
Digitized versions can be found at HathiTrust.
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Each Public Papers of the Presidents volume contains the papers and speeches of the President of the United States that were issued by the White House Office of the Press Secretary during the time period specified by the volume. The material is presented in chronological order, and the dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is shown in the text note.
To ensure accuracy, remarks have been checked against audio recordings (when available) and signed documents have been checked against the original, unless otherwise noted. Editors have provided text notes and cross references for purposes of identification or clarity.
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The Federal Register is the official daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of federal agencies and organizations, as well as executive orders and other Presidential documents.
Archival Holdings
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The H. R. Haldeman Diaries consists of seven handwritten diaries, 36 dictated diaries recorded as sound recordings, and two handwritten audio cassette tape subject logs. The diaries and logs reflect H. R. Haldeman’s candid personal record and reflections on events, issues, and people encountered during his service in the Nixon White House. As administrative assistant to the President and Chief of Staff, Haldeman attended and participated in public events and private meetings covering the entire scope of issues in which the Nixon White House engaged in during the years 1969-1973. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
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The National Archives Catalog is the online portal to the records held at the National Archives, and information about those records. It is the main way of describing our holdings and also provides access to electronic records and digitized versions of our holdings.
The Catalog searches across multiple National Archives resources at once, including archival descriptions, digitized and electronic records, authority records, and web pages from Archives.gov and the Presidential Libraries. The Catalog also allows users to contribute to digitized historical records through tagging and transcription.
Nixon Library Holdings
All National Archives Units
National Security Documents
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The President's Daily Brief is the primary vehicle for summarizing the day-to-day sensitive intelligence and analysis, as well as late-breaking reports, for the White House on current and future national security issues. Read "The President's Daily Brief: Delivering Intelligence to Nixon and Ford" to learn more.
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The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity. Visit the State Department website for more information.
Vol. III, Foreign Economic Policy; International Monetary Policy, 1969-1972
Foreign Economic Policy
96. Memorandum of Conversation, Karuizawa, Japan, August 19, 1972, 9:20 a.m.-12:25 p.m.
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Presidential/HAK Memcons, Box 1026, HAK-PM Tanaka 8/19/72. Top Secret; Sensitive. The meeting was held in the Mampei Hotel.
Vol. VIII, Vietnam, January-October 1972
The Parties Move Toward Agreement, July 19-October 7, 1972
246. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, August 19, 1972
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 855, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord)—China Trip/Vietnam, Sensitive Camp David, Vol. XVI. Top Secret; Sensitive; Exclusively Eyes Only. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it.
247. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, August 19, 1972
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 161, Vietnam Country Files, Vietnam, August 1972. Top Secret; Sensitive; Exclusively Eyes Only. Sent for information. A stamped notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it.
248. Backchannel Message From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Ambassador to South Vietnam (Bunker), Washington, August 19, 1972
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 414, Backchannel, Backchannel Messages, To Amb. Bunker—Saigon, 1972. Top Secret; Sensitive; Exclusively Eyes Only; Immediate. A handwritten note at the top of the first page reads: “For Haig approval before forwarding.” Haig checked the “approve” option.
Vol. XV, Soviet Union, June 1972-August 1974
Post-Moscow Summit Discussions and Issues, June-August 1972
29. Memorandum From Secretary of Commerce Peterson to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) and the Executive Director of the Council for International Economic Policy (Flanigan), Washington, August 19, 1972
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 67, Country Files—Europe—USSR, Map Room, Aug. 1972–May 31, 1973 [3 of 3]. Secret.
Vol. XIX, Part 2, Japan, 1969-1972
November 1971-December 1972: Toward a New Equilibrium
126. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, August 19, 1972
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 22, HAK Trip Files, HAK’s Secret Paris Trip, August 1972. Secret; Sensitive; Eyes Only. A notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it. On August 29, Kissinger wrote a second memorandum to Nixon describing his August 19 conversation with Tanaka. See Document 128.
Vol. E-2, Documents on Arms Control and Nonproliferation, 1969-1972
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty; Implementation of Safeguard System
61. Memorandum From the Director of the Office of International Scientific and Technological Affairs (Pollack) to Acting Secretary of State Johnson, Washington, August 19, 1972
In this memorandum, Pollack reviewed the safeguards agreement program and proposed moving ahead with negotiations for a U.S. safeguards agreement. This agreement was not ultimately concluded until November 1977.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, U.S. Safeguards Agreement with IAEA and Administrative Statements June–September 1972. No classification marking. Drafted on August 14 by Zook (SCI/AE) and concurred in by L, L/SCI, IO/SCT, S/PC, EUR/RPE, H, PM/AE, USAEC, ACDA, PM/DCA. Johnson initialed his approval on August 24. The attachments are not published.
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The Kissinger telephone conversation transcripts consist of approximately 20,000 pages of transcripts of Kissinger’s telephone conversations during his tenure as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (1969-1974) and Secretary of State (1973-1974) during the administration of President Richard Nixon. Visit the finding aid for more information.
Digitized versions can be found in the National Archives Catalog.
Audiovisual Holdings
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Visit the White House Tapes finding aid to learn about the taping system's operation and archival processing.
Camp David Hard Wire
- 205-1; Unknown between 9:05 a.m. & 9:40 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 205-2; 9:40 a.m. - 11:25 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 205-3; Unknown between 11:25 a.m. & 11:42 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-4; Unknown between 11:25 a.m. & 11:42 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President)
- 205-5; 11:42 a.m. - 11:49 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Nixon, Thelma C. ("Pat") (Ryan)
- 205-6; Unknown between 11:49 a.m. & 12:02 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President)
- 205-7; Unknown between 11:49 a.m. & 12:02 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-8; 12:02 p.m. - 12:03 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 205-9; Unknown between 12:03 p.m. & 12:11 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-10; 12:11 p.m. - 12:14 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 205-11; Unknown between 12:14 p.m. & 12:33 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-12; 12:33 p.m. - 12:41 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 205-13; Unknown between 12:41 p.m. & 3:03 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 205-14; Unknown between 12:41 p.m. & 3:03 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President)
- 205-15; 3:03 p.m. - 3:03 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-16; Unknown between 3:03 p.m. & 3:23 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-17; 3:23 p.m. - 3:26 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 205-18; Unknown between 3:26 p.m. & 4:22 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 205-19; Unknown between 3:26 p.m. & 4:22 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 205-20; 4:22 p.m. - 4:32 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 205-21; Unknown between 4:32 p.m. & 5:59 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 206-1; Unknown between 7:02 p.m. & 7:12 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 206-2; Unknown between 9:42 p.m., 8/19 & 12:45 a.m., 6/25; Nixon, Richard M. (President)
Camp David Study Desk
- 176-7; Unknown between 12:14 p.m. & 12:33 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 176-8; 12:33 p.m. - 12:41 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 176-9; Unknown between 3:26 p.m. & 4:22 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 176-10; 4:22 p.m. - 4:32 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
Camp David Study Table
- 140-37; Unknown between 11:25 a.m. & 11:42 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 140-38; 11:42 a.m. - 11:49 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Nixon, Thelma C. ("Pat") (Ryan)
- 140-39; Unknown between 11:49 a.m. & 12:02 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 140-40; 12:02 p.m. - 12:05 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 140-41; Unknown between 12:03 p.m. & 12:11 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 140-42; 12:11 p.m. - 12:14 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 140-43; 3:03 p.m. - 3:03 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 140-44; Unknown between 3:03 p.m. & 3:23 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Camp David Operator
- 140-45; 3:23 p.m. - 3:36 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
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The White House Photo Office collection consists of photographic coverage of President Richard Nixon meeting with prominent social, political, and cultural personalities; speaking engagements and news conferences of the President and various high-ranking members of the White House staff and Cabinet; Presidential domestic and foreign travel, including Presidential vacations; social events and entertainment involving the First Family, including entertainers present; official portraits of the President, First Family, and high-ranking members of the Nixon administration; the 1969 and 1973 Inaugurals; the President’s 1972 Presidential election campaign appearances (including speeches) and other official activities of the White House staff and the President’s Cabinet from January 20, 1969 until August 9, 1974 at the White House and the Old Executive Office Building; other locations in Washington, DC, such as The Mall; and the Presidential retreats in Camp David, Maryland, Key Biscayne, Florida, and San Clemente, California. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
Roll WHPO-D0025 Photographer: Kightlinger, Jack | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0025-03A-23A, Unidentified men speaking at a podium. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida Fontainebleau Hotel. unidentified men, Jimmy Stewart, celebrities, crowd, reporters.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0025-25A-35A, Actor Jimmy Stewart and other celebrities walking in the airport terminal. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida Miami International Airport. unidentified men, Jimmy Stewart, celebrities, crowd, reporters.
Roll WHPO-D0026 Photographer: Kightlinger, Jack | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0026-04A-10A, Unidentified men speaking at a podium. 8/19/1972, Miami Beach, Miami, Florida Fontainebleau Hotel. unidentified men, Jimmy Stewart, celebrities, crowd, reporters.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0026-11A-34A, Actor Jimmy Stewart and other celebrities walking in the airport terminal. 8/19/1972, Miami Beach, Miami, Florida Miami International Airport terminal. unidentified men, Jimmy Stewart, celebrities, Chad Everett, Gary Connor, crowd, reporters.
Roll WHPO-D0027 Photographer: Knudsen, Robert L. | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0027-, President Nixon's supporters waiting for his arrival, and greeting arriving planes. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida Miami International Airport. President Nixon supporters.
Roll WHPO-D0028 Photographer: Moore, Robert (Supervisor/Director, WHPO Photographic Laboratory) | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0028-, Persons arriving by plane. Volunteers greeting them and preparing campaign signs. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida Miami International Airport. unidentified persons.
Roll WHPO-D0029 Photographer: Moore, Robert (Supervisor/Director, WHPO Photographic Laboratory) | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0029-, Persons arriving by plane. Volunteers greeting them and preparing campaign signs. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida Miami International Airport. unidentified persons.
Roll WHPO-D0030 Photographer: Knudsen, Robert L. | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-02-20, Pat Nixon and other Nixon family members arriving at an unidentified site and being greeted by the campaign rally crowd. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Pat Nixon, Tricia Nixon Cox, Edward Cox, Bob Dole, aides, crowd, Ronald Reagan, Nelson Rockefeller, Frank Reynolds, press corps members.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-04, Pat Nixon greets members of a campaign rally crowd. Many hold Nixon Agnew campaign signs. Photographers with cameras in the crowd record the scene. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Pat Nixon, crowd.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-15, Edward Cox and Tricia Nixon Cox arriving at a campaign rally and speaking to a member of the crowd while photographers with many types of cameras record the event. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Edward Cox, Tricia Nixon Cox, members of the press, crowd.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-21-25, Governors Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller seated at a table, and sitting on a sofa with Frank Reynolds during a campaign rally, while being televised. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Pat Nixon, Tricia Nixon Cox, Edward Cox, Bob Dole, aides, crowd, Ronald Reagan, Nelson Rockefeller, Frank Reynolds, press corps members.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-23, Governors Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller sitting and talking before a televised interview. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Ronald Reagan, Nelson Rockefeller.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-24, Governors Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller sitting on a sofa with Frank Reynolds while being televised. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Ronald Reagan, Nelson Rockefeller, Frank Reynolds, unidentified person.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0030-30A, [confirm frame number correct] Governors Ronald Reagan and Nelson Rockefeller seated at a table, and sitting on a sofa with Frank Reynolds during a campaign rally, while being televised. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unidentified sites. Ronald Reagan, Nelson Rockefeller, Frank Reynolds, unidentified person.
Roll WHPO-D0033 Photographer: Moore, Robert (Supervisor/Director, WHPO Photographic Laboratory) | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0033-02-07, Tricia Nixon Cox in a crowd. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida unknown. Tricia Nixon Cox, crowd.
Roll WHPO-D0054 Photographer: Kightlinger, Jack | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0054-, Supports of President Nixon greeting arriving delegates. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida airport. crowd, delegates.
Roll WHPO-D0075 Photographer: Moore, Robert (Supervisor/Director, WHPO Photographic Laboratory) | Color or B&W: Color
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0075-, Charles Percy, John Anderson and the Illinois delegates arrival at the airport. 8/19/1972, Miami, Florida airport. Charles Percy, John Anderson, Illinois delegates and families, welcoming crowd.
Roll WHPO-D0076 Photographer: Knudsen, Robert L. | Color or B&W: Color
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0076-, Supporters holding many Nixon Agnew campaign signs while awaiting the arrival of the Republican delegates. 8/19/1972, Miami Beach, Florida street. crowd.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0076-15, Supporters dressed in male and female elephant costumes stand by a crowd as they await the arrival of Republican National Convention delegates in Miami Beach. Many Nixon Agnew campaign signs held by supporters. 8/19/1972, Miami Beach, Florida street. crowd.
Roll WHPO-D0103 Photographer: unknown | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0103-, President Nixon at Camp David seated at a dinner table with Secretary of State William Rogers, Henry Kissinger, H.R. Haldeman, Ron Ziegler, Alexander Haig. 8/19/1972, Camp David, Maryland Aspen Lodge. President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, William Rogers, Alexander Haig, H.R. Haldeman, Ronald Ziegler.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0103-03A, President Nixon at Camp David seated at a dinner table with Secretary of State William Rogers, Henry Kissinger, H.R. Haldeman, Ron Ziegler, Alexander Haig. 8/19/1972, Camp David, Maryland Aspen Lodge. President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, William Rogers, Alexander Haig, H.R. Haldeman, Ronald Ziegler.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0103-04A, President Nixon at Camp David with Secretary of State William Rogers, Henry Kissinger, H.R. Haldeman, Ron Ziegler, Alexander Haig. 8/19/1972, Camp David, Maryland Aspen Lodge. President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, William Rogers, Alexander Haig, H.R. Haldeman, Ronald Ziegler.
- Frame(s): WHPO-D0103-15A, President Nixon at Camp David seated informally in a living room with Secretary of State William Rogers and Henry Kissinger. 8/19/1972, Camp David, Maryland Aspen Lodge. President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, William Rogers.
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The White House Communications Agency Sound Recordings Collection contains public statements that took place between 1969 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
H - White House Staff Member Recordings
- WHCA-SR-H-643
Press briefing by Clark MacGregor and Ann Door regarding Nixon's re-election. (8/19/1972, The Doral Hotel, Miami Beach, Florida)
Runtime: 32:00:00
Keywords: Presidential campaigns, Presidential elections, 1972 Presidential campaign, 1972 Presidential election, Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media
Production credits: Audio feed supplied by WHCA; Recorded by CRB (initials of WHCA engineer)
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
L - White House Press Office Briefings
- WHCA-SR-L-006
Press briefing by Ronald Ziegler. (8/19/1972, White House Press Lobby)
Runtime: 10:00
Keywords: Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media, press secretary
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
- WHCA-SR-H-643
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The White House Communications Agency Videotape Collection contains “off-the-air” recordings of televised programs produced between 1968 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
- WHCA-5663
"Agronsky & Company" AND "Black on White" with Ramsey Clark.
CBS
Runtime: 01:03:50 - WHCA-5703
Weekly News Summary, Tape III.
NBC
Runtime: 0:30
1. Utley: Kissinger returns from Paris. Time Code Start: 00:54. Keywords: Paris Peace Talks, Vietnam War, treaty, treaties, negotiations, government, officials, travel, trips. Network: NBC.
2. Utley: Vietnam war. Time Code Start: 01:51. Keywords: Vietnam War. Network: NBC.
3. Utley/Mackin/Kiker: Prelims to Republican Convention including the platform. Time Code Start: 03:46. Keywords: political parties, Republicans, GOP, Presidential elections, campaigns, campaigning, conventions. Network: NBC.
4. Utley/Pettit: Problems with establishing rules for delegates for the '76 Republican Convention. Time Code Start: 06:36. Keywords: Vote, voters, voting, political parties, Republicans, GOP, Presidential elections, campaigns, campaigning, conventions, delegates. Network: NBC.
5. Utley: McGregor speaks on the Watergate Case the break-in at Democratic Headquaters [Watergate]. Time Code Start: 08:30. Keywords: bugging, bugs, wiretapping, wire taps, surveillance, spying, recordings, Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals. Network: NBC.
6. Utley: Former Attorney General Ramsey Clark interviewed after speaking to McGovern in Washington, D.C.. Time Code Start: 10:07. Keywords: Presidential elections, campaigns, campaigning, candidates, Vietnam Prisoner of War, Vietnam War, bombings, protests, lawyers, attorneys, activists, media, press conferences, news conferences, interviews. Network: NBC.
7. Utley/Oliver: Prices for '73 automobiles vary - The Economy. Time Code Start: 13:00. Keywords: economy, economics, debt, budgets, finances, recession, inflation, money, wages, prices, autos, manufacturing, cars, costs. Network: NBC.
8. Utley/Delaney: Wilkes Barre flooding damage aftermath of Hurricane Agnes causes Local vs. Federal government controversy. Time Code Start: 17:00. Keywords: Hurricanes, floods, weather, disasters, damages, New York, Pennsylvania. Network: NBC. - WHCA-5704
Weekly News Summary, Tape IV.
CBS
Runtime: 0:30
1. Mudd/Schorr: Preparations for Republican Convention platform report. Time Code Start: 00:50. Keywords: political parties, Republicans, GOP, Presidential elections, campaigns, campaigning, conventions. Network: CBS.
2. Mudd: Watergate case (McGregor). Time Code Start: 03:15. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals. Network: CBS.
3. Plant: Protesters at Miami, Florida, National Guard ready. Time Code Start: 04:20. Keywords: conventions, Presidential elections, campaigns, primaries, voting, housing, demonstrations, rally, protesters, demonstraters, students, Vietnam War, anti-war, military, security. Network: CBS.
4. Collingwood/Pierpoint: President Nixon to meet with Kissinger tonight. Time Code Start: 07:42. Keywords: Presidents, cabinet, advisors, meetings. Network: CBS.
5. Collingwood: Vietnam. Time Code Start: 09:28. Keywords: Vietnam War. Network: CBS.
6. Collingwood/Mudd: Where are the Republicans???. Time Code Start: 24:35. Keywords: political parties, Republicans, GOP. Network: CBS.
- WHCA-5663
Context (External Sources)
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The Vanderbilt Television News Archive is the world's most extensive and complete archive of television news. They have been recording, preserving and providing access to television news broadcasts of the national networks since August 5, 1968.
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Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.