Introduction
This almanac page for Wednesday, February 7, 1973, pulls together various records created by the federal government and links to additional resources which can provide context about the events of the day.
Previous Date: Tuesday, February 6, 1973
Next Date: Thursday, February 8, 1973
Schedule and Public Documents
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The Daily Diary files represent a consolidated record of the President's activities. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
The President's day began at The White House - Washington, D. C.
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The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents made available transcripts of the President's news conferences; messages to Congress; public speeches, remarks, and statements; and other Presidential materials released by the White House.
Digitized versions can be found at HathiTrust.
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Each Public Papers of the Presidents volume contains the papers and speeches of the President of the United States that were issued by the White House Office of the Press Secretary during the time period specified by the volume. The material is presented in chronological order, and the dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is shown in the text note.
To ensure accuracy, remarks have been checked against audio recordings (when available) and signed documents have been checked against the original, unless otherwise noted. Editors have provided text notes and cross references for purposes of identification or clarity.
- Informal Exchange with Reporters After Visiting Senator John Stennis at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
- Letter to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House Proposing Enactment of Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1973
- Remarks at the Swearing In of John T. Dunlop as Director of the Cost of Living Council.
- Informal Exchange With Reporters After Visiting Alice Roosevelt Longworth.
- Executive Order 11703—Assigning Policy Development and Direction Functions With Respect to the Oil Import Control Program
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The Federal Register is the official daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of federal agencies and organizations, as well as executive orders and other Presidential documents.
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The Congressional Record is the official daily record of the debates and proceedings of the U.S. Congress.
Archival Holdings
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Selective document listing
President's Personal File
The President's Personal File is essentially a President's secretary's file, kept by Rose Mary Woods, personal secretary to the President, for two purposes: (1) preserving for posterity a collection of documents particularly close to the President, whether because he dictated or annotated them, or because of the importance of the correspondent or the event concerned and (2) giving appropriate attention–letters of gratitude, invitations to White House social events, and the like–to members and important friends and supporters of the Nixon administration. This generalization does not describe all the varied materials of a file group which is essentially a miscellany, but it does identify the reason for the existence of the file group's core. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
- President's Speech File
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The H. R. Haldeman Diaries consists of seven handwritten diaries, 36 dictated diaries recorded as sound recordings, and two handwritten audio cassette tape subject logs. The diaries and logs reflect H. R. Haldeman’s candid personal record and reflections on events, issues, and people encountered during his service in the Nixon White House. As administrative assistant to the President and Chief of Staff, Haldeman attended and participated in public events and private meetings covering the entire scope of issues in which the Nixon White House engaged in during the years 1969-1973. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
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The National Archives Catalog is the online portal to the records held at the National Archives, and information about those records. It is the main way of describing our holdings and also provides access to electronic records and digitized versions of our holdings.
The Catalog searches across multiple National Archives resources at once, including archival descriptions, digitized and electronic records, authority records, and web pages from Archives.gov and the Presidential Libraries. The Catalog also allows users to contribute to digitized historical records through tagging and transcription.
Nixon Library Holdings
All National Archives Units
National Security Documents
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The President's Daily Brief is the primary vehicle for summarizing the day-to-day sensitive intelligence and analysis, as well as late-breaking reports, for the White House on current and future national security issues. Read "The President's Daily Brief: Delivering Intelligence to Nixon and Ford" to learn more.
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The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity. Visit the State Department website for more information.
Vol. X, Vietnam, January 1973-July 1975
Neither War nor Peace, January 27-June 15, 1973
10. Backchannel Message From the Ambassador to Laos (Godley) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Vientiane, February 7, 1973, 0742Z
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 411, Backchannel Messages, Southeast Asia, 1973. Secret; Immediate; Eyes Only.
Vol. XVIII, China, 1973-1976
Kissinger's Visits to Beijing and the Establishment of the Liaison Offices, January 1973-May 1973
7. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, February 7, 1973
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 523, Country Files, Far East, China, Vol. XI, Aug 1972–Oct 24, 1973. Secret. Sent for action. A stamped notation on the memorandum reads: “The President has seen.” At the bottom of the memorandum is a typed note: “Flanigan concurs.” With Holdridge’s concurrence, Richard Kennedy sent this memorandum to Kissinger under cover of a January 17 memorandum, recommending he transmit it to the President. (Ibid.)
Vol. XXXVI, Energy Crisis, 1969-1974
March 16, 1972-March 6, 1973
161. Memorandum From James H. Critchfield, Special Assistant to the Deputy Director of Plans, Central Intelligence Agency, to Director of Central Intelligence Schlesinger, Washington, February 7, 1973
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Executive Registry Files, Job 80–M01048A, Box 4. Secret. A copy was sent to Helms, Karamessines, and Waller.
162. Memorandum From the Ambassador-Designate to Iran (Helms) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, February 7, 1973
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 602, Country Files, Middle East, Iran, Vol. IV, 1 Sept 1971–Apr 73. Secret. In an attached February 9 note transmitting the memorandum to Scowcroft, Saunders stated that Helms’ memorandum “is probably the best account you will see on the Shah’s attitude toward the oil negotiations. It is also useful because it gives a picture of exactly what an emissary would face if he approached the Shah on behalf of the President.”
Vol. E-6, Documents on Africa, 1973-1976
Horn of Africa
79. Airgram A-23 From the Embassy in Ethiopia to the Department of State, Addis Ababa, February 7, 1973
Three embassy political officers dissented from the analysis in Document 78 and recommended against additional U.S. military assistance for Ethiopia.
Source: National Archives, RG 84, Addis Ababa Embassy Files: Lot 77 F 121, POL-DCM, MAP Level 1973. Secret. Drafted by Bazil Brown, Daniel Waterman, and Edward Marcott on February 6. Cleared by DCM Parker W. Wyman.80. Telegram 22877 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Ethiopia, Washington, February 7, 1973, 0010Z
An interagency response to Document 78 found general agreement with its analysis, but concluded that the Somali threat was not imminent and that the United States should not be the keeper of the peace in the Horn of Africa.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL ETH-US. Secret. Repeated to Bonn, London, Mogadiscio, Moscow, Nairobi, Paris, Rome, Tel Aviv, Asmara, and USCINCEUR. Drafted by Melone; cleared in AF/E, EUR/SOV, PM/ISO, DOD/ISA, AF/RA, and PM/MAS; approved by Newsom.
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The Kissinger telephone conversation transcripts consist of approximately 20,000 pages of transcripts of Kissinger’s telephone conversations during his tenure as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (1969-1974) and Secretary of State (1973-1974) during the administration of President Richard Nixon. Visit the finding aid for more information.
Digitized versions can be found in the National Archives Catalog.
Audiovisual Holdings
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Visit the White House Tapes finding aid to learn about the taping system's operation and archival processing.
Old Executive Office Building
- 408-8; Unknown between 2:15 p.m. & 2:29 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 408-9; 2:29 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 408-10; 2:35 p.m. - 3:07 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Shultz, George P.; Ehrlichman, John D.; Sanchez, Manolo; Bull, Stephen B.
Oval Office
- 852-1; Unknown between 9:46 a.m. & 9:54 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 852-2; Unknown between 9:46 a.m. & 9:54 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 852-3; Unknown between 9:46 a.m. & 9:54 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 852-4; Unknown between 9:46 a.m. & 9:54 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 852-5; 9:54 a.m. - 10:10 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Kissinger, Henry A.
- 852-6; Unknown between 10:10 a.m. & 10:23 a.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 852-7; 10:23 a.m. - 12:21 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob"); Ehrlichman, John D.; [Unknown person(s)]; Bull, Stephen B.; Ziegler, Ronald L.; Sanchez, Manolo
- 852-8; 12:21 p.m. - 12:22 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 852-9; 12:22 p.m. - 12:26 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.; White House photographer; Henley, Wallace B.; Henley, Laurie; Henley, Travis
- 852-10; 12:26 p.m. - 12:29 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.; White House photographer; Goodearle, J. Roy; Goodearle, J. Roy (Mrs.); Goodearle, Sarah; Goodearle, Harold; Good, Ellen; Good, Doris
- 852-11; 12:29 p.m. - 12:33 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.; White House photographer; James, E. Pendleton; James, Julie; James, Rob
- 852-12; 12:33 p.m. - 12:36 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House photographer; Howard, W. Rick; O'Donnell, Patrick E.; O'Donnell, Patrick E. (Mrs.)
- 852-13; Unknown between 12:36 p.m. & 12:40 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.; Sanchez, Manolo
- 852-14; 3:10 p.m. - 3:15 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Dunlop, John T.; Dunlop, John T. (Mrs.); Ehrlichman, John D.; Stein, Herbert; Rumsfeld, Donald H.; White House operator; Renercomb, George; Shultz, George P.; Mahon, Jack
- 852-15; 3:15 p.m. - 5:11 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Shultz, George P.; Ehrlichman, John D.; Bull, Stephen B.; Sanchez, Manolo; [Unknown person(s)]; Mills, Wilbur D.
- 852-16; 5:11 p.m. - 5:12 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 852-17; 5:11 p.m. - 5:12 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 852-18; Unknown between 5:12 p.m. & 11:59 p.m.; [Unknown person(s)]
- 852-19; 12:26 p.m. - 12:26 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Sanchez, Manolo
- 852-20; Unknown between 12:40 p.m. & 3:10 p.m.; [Unknown person(s)]
White House Telephone
- 43-37; 12:41 p.m. - 12:41 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-38; 1:00 p.m. - 1:01 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Haldeman, H. R. ("Bob")
- 43-39; Unknown between 12:45 p.m. & 1:20 p.m.; Colson, Charles W.; White House operator; [Unknown person(s)]; Howard, W. Rick
- 43-40; 7:45 p.m. - 7:45 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-41; 7:49 p.m. - 7:49 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-42; 7:50 p.m. - 7:50 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-43; 8:08 p.m. - 8:09 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 43-44; Unknown between 8:09 p.m. & 8:26 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-45; 8:26 p.m. - 8:27 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 43-46; Unknown between 8:26 p.m. & 8:27 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-47; 8:29 p.m. - 8:30 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 43-48; Unknown between 8:30 p.m. & 8:36 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-49; 8:36 p.m. - 8:36 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 43-50; 8:37 p.m. - 8:37 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
- 43-51; 8:37 p.m. - 8:37 p.m.; Nixon, Richard M. (President); Bull, Stephen B.
- 43-215; Unknown between 8:37 p.m., 2/7 & 9:52 a.m., 4/28; Nixon, Richard M. (President); White House operator
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The White House Photo Office collection consists of photographic coverage of President Richard Nixon meeting with prominent social, political, and cultural personalities; speaking engagements and news conferences of the President and various high-ranking members of the White House staff and Cabinet; Presidential domestic and foreign travel, including Presidential vacations; social events and entertainment involving the First Family, including entertainers present; official portraits of the President, First Family, and high-ranking members of the Nixon administration; the 1969 and 1973 Inaugurals; the President’s 1972 Presidential election campaign appearances (including speeches) and other official activities of the White House staff and the President’s Cabinet from January 20, 1969 until August 9, 1974 at the White House and the Old Executive Office Building; other locations in Washington, DC, such as The Mall; and the Presidential retreats in Camp David, Maryland, Key Biscayne, Florida, and San Clemente, California. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
Roll WHPO-E0184 Photographer: Atkins, Oliver | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0184-, President Nixon speaking with news reporters during an interview outside Walter Reed Army Medical Center after his visit to Senator John Stennis. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. Walter Reed Army Medical Center. President Nixon, medical staff, press corps members.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0184-09, President Nixon speaking with news reporters during an interview outside Walter Reed Army Medical Center after his visit to Senator John Stennis. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. Walter Reed Army Medical Center. President Nixon, medical staff, reporters, press corps members.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0184-11, President Nixon speaking with news reporters during an interview outside Walter Reed Army Medical Center after his visit to Senator John Stennis. TV news cameramen recording the event. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. Walter Reed Army Medical Center. President Nixon, reporters, press corps members, camera men.
Roll WHPO-E0186 Photographer: Schumacher, Karl | Color or B&W: Color
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0186-, Alexander Butterfield's office. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. Alexander Butterfield's office.
Roll WHPO-E0187 Photographer: Atkins, Oliver | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0187-02-05, President Nixon standing with Wallace Henley and family. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, Wallace Henley and family, J. Roy Goodearle and family, E. Pendleton James and family, Patrick O'Donnell and Mrs. O'Donnell.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0187-07-11, President Nixon standing with J. Roy Goodearle and family. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, Wallace Henley and family, J. Roy Goodearle and family, E. Pendleton James and family, Patrick O'Donnell and Mrs. O'Donnell.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0187-13-19, President Nixon standing with E. Pendleton James and family. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, Wallace Henley and family, J. Roy Goodearle and family, E. Pendleton James and family, Patrick O'Donnell and Mrs. O'Donnell.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0187-21-24, President Nixon standing with Patrick O'Donnell and wife. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, Wallace Henley and family, J. Roy Goodearle and family, E. Pendleton James and family, Patrick O'Donnell and Mrs. O'Donnell.
Roll WHPO-E0188 Photographer: Schumacher, Karl | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0188-, Pat Nixon in a receiving line and speaking with the guests during a tea for the Continental Society of Washington, D.C. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. Blue Room, White House. Pat Nixon, Continental Society members.
Roll WHPO-E0189 Photographer: Schumacher, Karl | Color or B&W: Color
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0189-, Pat Nixon in a receiving line and standing with the guests during a tea for the Continental Society of Washington, D.C. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. Blue Room, Grand Hall, White House. Pat Nixon, Continental Society members.
Roll WHPO-E0190 Photographer: Kightlinger, Jack | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0190-03A-15A, The swearing-in ceremony for John Dunlop; Judge George Revercomb administering the oath of office. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, Mr. & Mrs. John Dunlop, George Revercomb, Herb Stein, Donald Rumsfeld.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0190-16A-19A, 21A, President Nixon seated during a meeting in the Oval office with George Shultz and Congressman Wilbur Mills. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, George Shultz, Wilbur Mills.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0190-20A, President Nixon seated informally in the Oval Office during a meeting with George Shultz and Congressman Wilbur Mills. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. White House, Oval Office. President Nixon, George Shultz, Wilbur Mills.
Roll WHPO-E0191 Photographer: Kightlinger, Jack | Color or B&W: B&W
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0191-, President Nixon and Pat Nixon with Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Pat Nixon giving Alice Roosevelt Longworth her fur coat. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. outside of 2009 Massachusetts Avenue. President Nixon, Pat Nixon, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, onlookers.
- Frame(s): WHPO-E0191-09, President Nixon and Pat Nixon with Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Pat Nixon giving Alice Roosevelt Longworth her fur coat. 2/7/1973, Washington, D.C. outside of 2009 Massachusetts Avenue. President Nixon, Pat Nixon, Alice Roosevelt Longworth.
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The White House Communications Agency Sound Recordings Collection contains public statements that took place between 1969 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
L - White House Press Office Briefings
- WHCA-SR-L-126
Press briefing by Ronald Ziegler. (2/7/1973, White House Press Lobby)
Runtime: 36:20:00
Keywords: Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media, press secretary
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original. - WHCA-SR-L-127
Statement by Ronald Ziegler to the Jordanian press. (2/7/1973, White House Press Lobby)
Runtime: 1:20
Keywords: Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media, press secretary
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
P - Formal Presidential Remarks
- WHCA-SR-P-730208
Remarks by President Nixon re Senator John Stennis at Walter Reed Army Hospital. (2/7/1973)
Runtime: 3:55
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original. - WHCA-SR-P-730209
Swearing-in ceremony for John Dunlop as Director of COLC with Dunlop. (2/7/1973)
Runtime: 1:27
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original. - WHCA-SR-P-730210
Remarks by President Nixon to news media with Helen Thomas. (2/7/1973)
Runtime: 6:18
Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
- WHCA-SR-L-126
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The White House Communications Agency Videotape Collection contains “off-the-air” recordings of televised programs produced between 1968 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.
- WHCA-6099
Weekly News Summary, Tape III.
ALL NETWORKS
Runtime: 01:04:17
1. Smith/Jennings: Facilities ready for released POWs. Time Code Start: 00:00. Keywords: Vietnam War, Vietnam Prisoner of War, releases. Network: ABC.
2. Smith/Tomlinson: The oil and gasoline shortages with Senator Jackson. Time Code Start: 02:45. Keywords: energy crisis, petroleum, oil, gasoline, fuel, oil supply, oil supplies, imports, shortages, sales, costs, increases, rationing. Network: ABC.
3. Smith/Clark: Roy Ash questioned by Muskie. Time Code Start: 05:24. Keywords: Senators, Presidential elections, campaigns, campaigning, candidates. Network: ABC.
4. Jarriel: President Nixon and Congress have problems; Cost of living Phase III; President Nixon at Walter Reed Hospital to visit Stennis. Time Code Start: 08:10. Keywords: Presidents, travel, trips, Nixon trips, domestic, Senators, health, illness, hospitals, House of Representatives, economy, economics, budgets, finances, recession, inflation, money, wages, costs, unemployment, prices. Network: ABC.
5. Donaldson: Watergate issues to be investigated by Senate. Time Code Start: 10:02. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals. Network: ABC.
6. Smith: Commentary on President Nixon's budget. Time Code Start: 11:31. Keywords: Presidents, budgets, economy, economics, budget, finances, recession, inflation, money, wages, costs, unemployment, prices. Network: ABC.
7. Chancellor/Jones: Ceasefire action; visit with Viet Cong. Time Code Start: 13:20. Keywords: Vietnam War, People's Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF), National Liberation Front (NLF), VC, ceasefires. Network: NBC.
8. Chancellor/Paxton: The American dollar. Time Code Start: 18:03. Keywords: economy, economics, budgets, finances, recession, inflation, money, currency, monetary values, exchange rates, decreases, wages, costs, increases. Network: NBC.
9. Chancellor/Levine: Phase III; President Nixon swears in new man; Secretary Shultz. Time Code Start: 20:20. Keywords: cabinet, advisors, sworn in, swearing in ceremony, wage and price controls, freezes, prices, costs, increases, decreases, economy, economics, budgets, finances, recession, inflation, money. Network: NBC.
10. Chancellor: President Nixon visits with Senator Stennis at hospital. Time Code Start: 23:01. Keywords: Presidents, meetings, travel, trips, Nixon trips, domestic, Senators, health, illness, hospitals. Network: NBC.
11. Chancellor: Watergate investigation. Time Code Start: 24:16. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals. Network: NBC.
12. Cronkite/Schieffer: POW releases Sunday; Vietnam war. Time Code Start: 24:55. Keywords: Vietnam War, Vietnam Prisoner of War, releases. Network: CBS.
13. Cronkite: President Nixon visits with Senator Stennis at Walter Reed hospital. Time Code Start: 27:57. Keywords: Presidents, meetings, travel, trips, Nixon trips, domestic, Senators, health, illness, hospitals. Network: CBS.
14. Cronkite/Kurtis: Watergate; more on appropriations; unemployment in Seattle. Time Code Start: 28:51. Keywords: jobs, unemployment, statistics , Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals. Network: CBS.
15. Cronkite: Oil price controversy. Time Code Start: 34:36. Keywords: energy, petroleum, drilling, oil supply, oil supplies, imports, shortages, sales, costs, increases. Network: CBS.
16. Cronkite/Drinkwater: One POW's family (Schweitzer). Time Code Start: 35:34. Keywords: Vietnam War, Vietnam Prisoner of War. Network: CBS.
- WHCA-6099
Context (External Sources)
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The Vanderbilt Television News Archive is the world's most extensive and complete archive of television news. They have been recording, preserving and providing access to television news broadcasts of the national networks since August 5, 1968.
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Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.