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July 23, 1974

Introduction

This almanac page for Tuesday, July 23, 1974, pulls together various records created by the federal government and links to additional resources which can provide context about the events of the day.

Previous Date: Monday, July 22, 1974

Next Date: Wednesday, July 24, 1974

Schedule and Public Documents

  • The Daily Diary files represent a consolidated record of the President's activities. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

    The President's day began at San Clemente, California

  • The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents made available transcripts of the President's news conferences; messages to Congress; public speeches, remarks, and statements; and other Presidential materials released by the White House.

    Digitized versions can be found at HathiTrust.

  • The Federal Register is the official daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of federal agencies and organizations, as well as executive orders and other Presidential documents.

  • The Congressional Record is the official daily record of the debates and proceedings of the U.S. Congress.

Archival Holdings

Any selection of archival documents will necessarily be partial. You should use the documents and folders identified below as a starting place, but consult the linked collection finding aids and folder title lists and the collections themselves for context. Many documents to be found this way do not lend themselves to association with specific dates, but are essential to a complete understanding of the material.

  • The National Archives Catalog is the online portal to the records held at the National Archives, and information about those records. It is the main way of describing our holdings and also provides access to electronic records and digitized versions of our holdings. 

    The Catalog searches across multiple National Archives resources at once, including archival descriptions, digitized and electronic records, authority records, and web pages from Archives.gov and the Presidential Libraries. The Catalog also allows users to contribute to digitized historical records through tagging and transcription.

    Nixon Library Holdings

    All National Archives Units

National Security Documents

  • The President's Daily Brief is the primary vehicle for summarizing the day-to-day sensitive intelligence and analysis, as well as late-breaking reports, for the White House on current and future national security issues. Read "The President's Daily Brief: Delivering Intelligence to Nixon and Ford" to learn more.

  • The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity. Visit the State Department website for more information.

    Vol. XV, Soviet Union, June 1972-August 1974

    Moscow Summit and the Cyprus Crisis, June-August 1974

    • 206. Letter From Soviet General Secretary Brezhnev to President Nixon, Moscow, July 23, 1974

      Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 70, Country Files—Europe—USSR, Dobrynin/Kissinger, Vol. 24. No classification marking. A handwritten note at the top of the letter reads, “Delivered by hand at 2145 July 23, 1974.”

    Vol. XXX, Greece; Cyprus; Turkey, 1973-1976

    Cyprus

    Vol. XXXIX, European Security

    Basket III, May-December 1974

    • 238. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State, Geneva, July 23, 1974, 1800Z

      Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 708, Country Files, Europe, Switzerland, Vol. III. Secret; Immediate;Exdis. Repeated to Bonn, Brussels, Copenhagen, The Hague, London, Moscow, Oslo, Ottawa, Paris, Reykjavik, Rome, and USNATO.

    Vol. E-8, Documents on South Asia, 1973-1976

    India-Pakistan 2

    • 170. Memorandum From Secretary of State Kissinger to President Nixon, Washington, July 23, 1974

      Secretary Kissinger suggested, and President Nixon approved, a response to a letter sent by Prime Minister Bhutto on the eve of Nixon’s trip to Moscow that stated his concerns about Soviet, Indian, and Afghan ambitions in South Asia and the threat to Pakistan. Bhutto also requested the end of limitations on U.S. arms sales to Pakistan in light of the Indian nuclear test. Nixon’s response emphasized the U.S. commitment to Pakistan’s independence and integrity but did not explicitly discuss arms policy then under review.

      Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, Correspondence 1969–1970, Box 760 Pakistan. No classification marking. Nixon initialed his approval. Attached but not printed at Tab B is Bhutto’s June 24 letter.

    Vol. E-9, Part 2, Documents on the Middle East Region, 1973-1976

    Kuwait and the Gulf States

    • 46. Telegram From the Embassy in Bahrain to the Department of State, Manama, July 23, 1974, 1450Z

      Summary: Bahraini Foreign Minister Shaikh Mohammad al-Khalifa informed the United States officially that MIDEASTFOR could remain in Bahrain under certain conditions, including the creation of a U.S. technical assistance mission. Twinam ascribed the Bahraini change of position to recent U.S. successes in the resolution of the 1973 October War.

      Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 632, Country Files, Middle East, Trucial States. Secret; Niact; Immediate; Exdis. Repeated Priority to Tehran, Cairo, London, Kuwait, Jidda, Abu Dhabi, and COMIDEASTFOR. In telegram 163984 to Manama, July 28, the Department authorized the Embassy to officially request Bahrain to reconsider the termination notice. (Ibid., RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D740204–1081)

    Vol. E-11, Part 2, Documents on South America, 1973-1976

    Chile

    • 170. Telegram 4315 From the Embassy in Chile to the Department of State, Santiago, July 23, 1974, 1428Z

      Summary: Secretary of the Army Callaway urged Pinochet and Bonilla to allow interested parties to investigate the human rights situation in Chile, noting that openness could counter the perception that the regime was overly repressive.

      Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D740199–0012. Confidential; Immediate. Repeated immediate to DOD, the Office of the Secretary of Army, and COMUSCINCSO for General Rosson. In telegram 4294 from Santiago, July 20, the Embassy sent the Department a summary of the human rights situation in Chile, including information on the rights and treatment of detainees. The Embassy reported that although there was cause for concern over human rights problems in Chile, an examination of the human rights situation led “to qualified rather than utterly sweeping conclusions.” (Ibid., D740196–1019)

  • The Kissinger telephone conversation transcripts consist of approximately 20,000 pages of transcripts of Kissinger’s telephone conversations during his tenure as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (1969-1974) and Secretary of State (1973-1974) during the administration of President Richard Nixon. Visit the finding aid for more information.

    Digitized versions can be found in the National Archives Catalog.

Audiovisual Holdings

  • The White House Photo Office collection consists of photographic coverage of President Richard Nixon meeting with prominent social, political, and cultural personalities; speaking engagements and news conferences of the President and various high-ranking members of the White House staff and Cabinet; Presidential domestic and foreign travel, including Presidential vacations; social events and entertainment involving the First Family, including entertainers present; official portraits of the President, First Family, and high-ranking members of the Nixon administration; the 1969 and 1973 Inaugurals; the President’s 1972 Presidential election campaign appearances (including speeches) and other official activities of the White House staff and the President’s Cabinet from January 20, 1969 until August 9, 1974 at the White House and the Old Executive Office Building; other locations in Washington, DC, such as The Mall; and the Presidential retreats in Camp David, Maryland, Key Biscayne, Florida, and San Clemente, California. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

    Roll WHPO-E3304 Photographer: Fitz-Patrick | Color or B&W: B&W

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3304-05-16, unidentified group of White House Interns. 7/23/1974, Washington, D.C. White House. unidentified White House Interns.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3304-19-23, Dr. Marrs with Boys Nation. 7/23/1974, unknown unknown. Dr. Marrs, unidentified men.

    Roll WHPO-E3306 Photographer: Knudsen, Robert L. | Color or B&W: B&W

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3306-03A-09A, President Nixon meeting with Counsellor Kenneth Rush, President Nixon, Chairman-designate of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Greenspan. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, California La Casa Pacifica. L-R: Counsellor Kenneth Rush, President Nixon, Chairman-designate of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Greenspan.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3306-11A-25A, President Nixon attending a meeting with economic, business, financial and labor leaders, discussing inflation; right of the President is Alan Greenspan, to the President's left is Kenneth Rush. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, California La Casa Pacifica. President Nixon, Chairman-designate of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Greenspan, Counsellor Kenneth Rush.

    Roll WHPO-E3307 Photographer: Kightlinger, Jack | Color or B&W: Color

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3307-, Exhibit in East Foyer: "Journey for Peace, the President and Pat Nixon visit to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Israel and Jordan," displaying gifts and photographs. 7/23/1974, Washington, D.C. East Foyer. unidentified women.

    Roll WHPO-E3313 Photographer: Fitz-Patrick | Color or B&W: B&W

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3313-04A-11A, Brad Patterson meeting in the White House with Hopi American Indians. 7/23/1974, Washington, D.C. White House, Roosevelt Room. Bradley Patterson (Executive Assistant, Special Consultant to the President (Leonard Garment)), unidentified men.

    Roll WHPO-E3322 Photographer: Atkins, Oliver | Color or B&W: Color

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3322-01A-02A, President Nixon arrives via golf cart to his office. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica. President Nixon.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3322-03A-06A, President Nixon with Counselor Kenneth Rush and Council of Economic Advisors Chairman-designate Alan Greenspan. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica. l-r: Kenneth Rush, President Nixon, Chairman-designate of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Greenspan.

    Roll WHPO-E3328 Photographer: Moore, Robert (Supervisor/Director, WHPO Photographic Laboratory) | Color or B&W: Color

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3328-02-15, San Clemente, helicopter, flag pole, golf cart, King Timahoe. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica. King Timahoe.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3328-16-30, President Nixon attending a meeting with economic, business, financial and labor leaders, discussing inflation; right of the President is Alan Greenspan, to the President's left is Kenneth Rush. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica. President Nixon, Chairman-designate of the Council of Economic Advisers Alan Greenspan, Counsellor Kenneth Rush.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3328-30-35, Marquee with the following message: "Mr President to be great is to be misunderstood hang in there.". 7/23/1974, unknown unknown.

    Roll WHPO-E3330 Photographer: Knudsen, Robert L. | Color or B&W: Color

    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3330-01-04, President Nixon driving a golf cart and Ron Ziegler riding a Yamaha motorcycle. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica, Western White House. President Nixon, Ron Ziegler.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3330-06-08, Kenneth Clawson talking with Larry Speakes. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica, Western White House. Ken Clawson, Larry M. Speakes.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3330-09-11, Lt. Col. Geo Joulwan and Guests. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica, Western White House. Lt. Col. Geo Joulwan.
    • Frame(s): WHPO-E3330-12-30, Ron Ziegler, Ken Rush, Alan Greenspan conducting a press briefing. 7/23/1974, San Clemente, CA La Casa Pacifica, Western White House. Ronald Ziegler, Kenneth Rush, Alan Greenspan, reporters from the White House Press Corps.

  • The White House Communications Agency Sound Recordings Collection contains public statements that took place between 1969 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

    S - White House Press Office Briefings (continuation of the L-series)

    • WHCA-SR-S-701
      Press briefing by Ronald Ziegler; President Nixon telephone remarks to Rabbi Baruch Korff and the Second Citizen's Congress at the Shoreham Americana Hotel. (7/23/1974, San Clemente Compound)

      Runtime: 0:26:26

      Keywords: Briefings, press conferences, interviews, media, impeachment, resignations, Watergate, hearings, investigations, Senate committee hearings, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, food, dinner, banquets, fundraisers, 

      Production credits: Audio feed supplied by WHCA; Recorded by WHCA

      Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original. Technical notes: 22 minutes and 1 second of silence at end of recording removed from access copies.
    • WHCA-SR-S-716
      Press briefing by Dean Burch. (7/23/1974, White House Press Lobby)

      Runtime: 11:28

      Keywords: Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media

      Production credits: Audio feed supplied by WHCA; Recorded by CRB (initials of WHCA engineer)

      Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
    • WHCA-SR-S-717
      Remarks by Ron Ziegler. (7/23/1974, Ron Ziegler Office, Surf and Sands Hotel, Laguna Beach, California)

      Runtime: 20:00

      Keywords: Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media

      Production credits: Audio feed supplied by [not listed]; Recorded by [not listed] (initials of WHCA engineer)

      Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.

  • The White House Communications Agency Videotape Collection contains “off-the-air” recordings of televised programs produced between 1968 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

    • WHCA-7085
      "Panorama". John W. Dean III.
      ABC
      Runtime: 01:29:17
    • WHCA-7101
      Weekly News Summary, Tape I.
      ALL NETWORKS
      Runtime: 01:34:20

      18. Reasoner/Cioffi/Brown: Cyprus developments. Time Code Start: 40:28. Keywords: Eastern Mediterranean, Islands, Middle East, Mideast, Turkey, government, invasions, takeovers. Network: ABC.

      19. Smith/Donaldson/Kaplow: Hogan announcement on impeachment vote with White House reaction with Burch. Time Code Start: 45:18. Keywords: Presidents, Watergate, House Judiciary Committee, investigations, impeachment, voting. Network: ABC.

      20. Reasoner/Jarriel: White House counter measures with Ziegler. Time Code Start: 48:59. Keywords: Watergate, House Judiciary Committee, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: ABC.

      21. Smith/Peterson: Food costs, Americans spending less of real income on food, Agriculture Department reports market basket cost declined $2 in June. Time Code Start: 50:42. Keywords: food, diet, costs, decreases. Network: ABC.

      22. Chancellor/Scherer: More on progress toward President Nixon's impeachment with Representative Larry Hogan saying he'll vote for impeachment with Dean Burch. Time Code Start: 52:50. Keywords: Presidents, Watergate, House Judiciary Committee, investigations, impeachment. Network: NBC.

      23. Chancellor: Gurney to withdraw from re-election Senatorial race under indictment in influence peddling scheme. Time Code Start: 56:54. Keywords: Senators, elections, campaigns, campaigning, candidates, withdrawals. Network: NBC.

      24. Chancellor/Simpson: Cost of living, Half of Nebraska state's corn crop destroyed by drought, cattle industry hurt. Time Code Start: 57:14. Keywords: weather, disasters, water, droughts, agriculture, crops, failures, geconomy, economics, budgets, finances, recession, inflation, money, wages, costs, unemployment, prices, reports. Network: NBC.

      25. Chancellor/Brinkley: Commentary on President Nixon's threat to veto consumer bill. Time Code Start: 60:02. Keywords: Presidents, bills, laws, vetoes, consumer protection. Network: NBC.

      26. Cronkite/Morton: Larry Hogan says he wants President Nixon impeached, first Republican to break ranks and say so with Dean Burch. Time Code Start: 61:48. Keywords: Presidents, Watergate, House Judiciary Committee, investigations, cover-ups, scandals, impeachment. Network: CBS.

      27. Cronkite/Benton: Secretary of State Kissinger testifies before Senate Committee concerning domestic wiretaps with Fulbright. Time Code Start: 65:25. Keywords: Watergate, bugging, bugs, wiretapping, wire taps, surveillance, spying, recordings, Senate Committee Hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: CBS.

      28. Cronkite/Schorr: Did Vice President Gerald Ford have anything to do with the coverup? Jack Parr on the Milk Fund bribery case. Time Code Start: 66:50. Keywords: Vice Presidents, hearings, burglary, impeachment, resignations, investigations, conspiracy, coverups. Network: CBS.

      29. Cronkite/Rather: Alan Greenspan to replace Herb Stein in economic post; President Nixon in South Carolina. Time Code Start: 68:36. Keywords: cabinet, advisors, appointments, Presidents, travel, trips, Nixon trips, domestic,. Network: CBS.

      30. Sevareid: Commentary on TV coverage of impeachment hearing. Time Code Start: 71:03. Keywords: Presidents, Watergate, House Judiciary Committee, investigations, impeachment, media, programs, TV. Network: CBS.

Context (External Sources)