June 28, 1973

The Daily Diary files represent a consolidated record of the President's activities. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

• Original typewritten diary (PDF)

The President's day began at San Clemente, California

The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents made available transcripts of the President's news conferences; messages to Congress; public speeches, remarks, and statements; and other Presidential materials released by the White House.

Digitized versions can be found at HathiTrust.

Each Public Papers of the Presidents volume contains the papers and speeches of the President of the United States that were issued by the White House Office of the Press Secretary during the time period specified by the volume. The material is presented in chronological order, and the dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is shown in the text note.

To ensure accuracy, remarks have been checked against audio recordings (when available) and signed documents have been checked against the original, unless otherwise noted. Editors have provided text notes and cross references for purposes of identification or clarity.

• Statement About the Report of the National Tourism Resources Review Commission

The Federal Register is the official daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of federal agencies and organizations, as well as executive orders and other Presidential documents.

• Federal Register of Thursday, June 28, 1973

The Congressional Record is the official daily record of the debates and proceedings of the U.S. Congress.

• Senate: June 28, 1973
• House of Representatives: June 28, 1973
• Extensions of Remarks: June 28, 1973

The National Archives Catalog is the online portal to the records held at the National Archives, and information about those records. It is the main way of describing our holdings and also provides access to electronic records and digitized versions of our holdings. 

The Catalog searches across multiple National Archives resources at once, including archival descriptions, digitized and electronic records, authority records, and web pages from Archives.gov and the Presidential Libraries. The Catalog also allows users to contribute to digitized historical records through tagging and transcription.

Nixon Library Holdings

• Text search for June 28, 1973
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• Text search for June 28, 1973
• Date search for June 28, 1973

The President's Daily Brief is the primary vehicle for summarizing the day-to-day sensitive intelligence and analysis, as well as late-breaking reports, for the White House on current and future national security issues. Read "The President's Daily Brief: Delivering Intelligence to Nixon and Ford" to learn more.

• President's Daily Brief of 28 June 1973

The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity. Visit the State Department website for more information.

Vol. X, Vietnam, January 1973-July 1975

Congressional Restrictions, General Warfare, June 19, 1973-February 25, 1975

• 88. Memorandum From William Stearman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 164, Vietnam Country Files, Vietnam, May–September 1973. Secret; Eyes Only. Sent for information. Kissinger’s initials appear at the top of the page and he wrote: “They can’t do this on their own.”

Vol. XXII, Panama, 1973-1976

Panama, 1973-1976

• 13. Action Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Kubisch) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL PAN–US. Confidential. Drafted by Hurwitch and Bell; cleared by Koren, Ward, and in L/ARA. Sent through Rush. In the upper right-hand margin, Rogers wrote: “I’ll speak to Mr. Kubisch about this. The letter should refer to a new negotiating team with Ellsworth Bunker in charge. WPM.”

Vol. XXV, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1973

Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1973

• 75. Memorandum From Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL 27–14 ARAB–ISR. Secret; Nodis; Cedar; Double Plus. A copy was sent eyes only to Sisco on June 29.

Vol. XXXV, National Security Policy, 1973-1976

Intelligence and the Experiment in Competitive Analysis

• 138. National Security Decision Memorandum 224, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 364, Subject Files, NSDMs Nos. 145–264. Secret. A copy was sent to Moorer.

Vol. XXXVIII, Part 2, Organization and Management of Foreign Policy; Public Diplomacy, 1973-1976

The Intelligence Community: Investigation and Reorganization

• 8. National Security Decision Memorandum 224, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–241, Policy Papers, 1969–1974, National Security Decision Memoranda, NSDM 224. Secret. A copy was sent to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Vol. XXXIX, European Security

Opening Negotiations, December 1972-July 1973

• 164. Memorandum From Helmut Sonnenfeldt of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger), Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 1336, Unfiled Material, 1973, 10 of 12. Secret. Attached but not printed are Tab A, a list of participants at the upcoming meeting; Tab B, telegram 126546 to all NATO capitals, June 28, summarizing Secretary Rogers’s briefing to the North Atlantic Council on Brezhnev’s visit; Tab C, telegram 3026 from USNATO, June 22, on the NAC’s discussion of the U.S.-Soviet agreement on the prevention of nuclear war; and Tab D, telegram 3008 from USNATO, June 21, on Rumsfeld’s consultations with the NAC on SALT.

• 165. Memorandum From Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 264, Agency Files, NATO, Vol. XVI. Confidential. On July 4, Kissinger sent this memorandum to the President and informed him that the Ministerial meeting of the CSCE would open at Helsinki on July 3 and was not expected to last more that a week to 10 days. Its main purpose, Kissinger stated, was “to endorse the recommendations of the earlier CSCE preparatory talks for the procedures to be followed in the detailed, stage II, expert-level CSCE negotiations which will follow, as well as to decide on the opening date for the stage II negotiations. The question as to whether the final, stage III phase of CSCE should be at the summit level will not be decided during the Ministerial meeting. At this point, most Western participants prefer to leave the issue open; the US position is that the level of participation for the final phase of the conference should be decided during phase II of the negotiations.” (Ibid.)

Vol. E-6, Documents on Africa, 1973-1976

Burundi

• 62. Telegram 126711 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Burundi, Bujumbura, June 28, 1973, 1540Z

  At Burundi Ambassador Ndabaniwe’s request, Newsom clarified U.S. policy toward Burundi. He noted that the U.S. Government was under strong pressure to take steps against Burundi, but did not want to do so.
  
  Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, POL Burundi-US. Limited Official Use; Immediate. Repeated to Addis Ababa, Brussels, Dar Es Salaam, Kigali, Kinshasa, Lagos, Rome, and USUN New York. Drafted by Siefken; cleared by Cohen; approved by Newsom.

Vol. E-11, Part 1, Documents on Mexico; Central America; and the Caribbean, 1973-1976

Jamaica, The Bahamas, and the Eastern Caribbean

• 435. Intelligence Memorandum, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Summary: This memorandum analyzed the Bahamian political scene and U.S.-Bahamian relations on the eve of Bahamian independence.
  
  Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Current Intelligence Files, Job 79T00861A, Box 16, Folder 29. Secret; [handling restriction not declassified]. All brackets are in the original except those indicating text omitted by the editors.

Vol. E-14, Part 2, Documents on Arms Control and Nonproliferation, 1973-1976

• 9. Memorandum From the Chairman of the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee (Rush) to President Nixon, Washington, June 28, 1973

  Summary: Rush recommended that Nixon direct the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee to review the utility of weather modification as a military weapon and direct the Department of Defense and Joint Chiefs of Staff to provide all data necessary for the completion of such a study.
  
  Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Executive Secretariat, Records Relating to the National Security Council Under Secretaries Committee: Lot 81D309. Secret; Limdis. Brandon Grove, Staff Director of the Under Secretaries Committee, forwarded copies of the memorandum to Clements, Kissinger, Moorer, and Helms under a June 28 memorandum. (Ibid.) NSDM 165, “International Aspects of Weather Modification,” May 2, 1972, is in the National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Institutional Files, National Security Decision Memoranda, Box H–208, NSDM 151–200 (Originals).

The Kissinger telephone conversation transcripts consist of approximately 20,000 pages of transcripts of Kissinger’s telephone conversations during his tenure as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (1969-1974) and Secretary of State (1973-1974) during the administration of President Richard Nixon. Visit the finding aid for more information.

Digitized versions can be found in the National Archives Catalog.

The White House Communications Agency Sound Recordings Collection contains public statements that took place between 1969 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

S - White House Press Office Briefings (continuation of the L-series)

• WHCA-SR-S-169
  Press briefing by Gerald Warren. (6/28/1973, EOB Conference Room (450))
  
  Runtime: 1:05:30
  
  Keywords: Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media
  
  Production credits: Audio feed supplied by WHCA; Recorded by CBW (initials of WHCA engineer)
  
  Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
• WHCA-SR-S-170
  Briefing by Peter Flanigan. (6/28/1973, EOB Conference Room (450))
  
  Runtime: 56:00:00
  
  Keywords: Briefings, public briefings, statements to the press (see also Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media)
  
  Production credits: Audio feed supplied by GSA; Recorded by Earl Doss (initials of WHCA engineer)
  
  Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.
• WHCA-SR-S-171
  National Broadcast Editorial Association briefing by William Rhatican, Richard Fairbanks, Herbert Stein, Claude Brinegar, Bill Dwyer, Earl Butz, and Mr. Rash. (6/28/1973, EOB Conference Room (450))
  
  Runtime: 3:17:00
  
  Keywords: Briefings, public briefings, statements to the press (see also Press conferences, news conferences, interviews, media)
  
  Production credits: Audio feed supplied by GSA; Recorded by Earl Doss (initials of WHCA engineer)
  
  Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original.

V - Senate Select Committee on Watergate Radio Broadcasts

• WHCA-SR-V-020
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings, testimony of John Dean, 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM. (6/28/1973, United States Senate, Washington DC)
  
  Keywords: Watergate, Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities
  
  Original Format: 1/4-inch reel-to-reel audiotape. Original source type: Original. Technical notes: Recording spans four tapes.

The White House Communications Agency Videotape Collection contains “off-the-air” recordings of televised programs produced between 1968 and 1974. Visit the finding aid to learn more.

• WHCA-6392
  "Anatomy of a News Story".
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 01:01:01
• WHCA-6404
  Weekly News Summary, Tape XII.
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 1:00
  
  1. Smith/Donaldson: Watergate hearings. Time Code Start: 01:20. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: ABC.
  
  2. Reasoner/Gill/Schoumacher: Harris Poll shows drop in President Nixon's popularity; Vice President Agnew speaks to the Lions Club; Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird. Time Code Start: 10:26. Keywords: public opinions, polls, approval ratings, Gallup poll, Harris poll, Vice Presidents, Presidential elections, campaigns, primaries, candidates, voting. Network: ABC.
  
  3. Smith/Clark: Bombing bill passed in Congress. Time Code Start: 15:53. Keywords: Vietnam War, bombings, House of Representatives, voting, ceasefires. Network: ABC.
  
  4. Reasoner: Commentary on that list. Time Code Start: 25:17. Keywords: lists, reports. Network: ABC.
• WHCA-6405
  Weekly News Summary, Tape XIII.
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 00:59:15
  
  1. Chancellor/Duke: Compromise on bombing in Cambodia; Secretary of State Rogers. Time Code Start: 00:50. Keywords: Cambodia, Vietnam War, bombings, cabinet, advisors. Network: NBC.
  
  2. Chancellor: President Nixon will not appear at Watergate hearing even if requested; more on Watergate; Senator Weicker reads list of White House offences, talks about White House pressure. Time Code Start: 04:50. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: NBC.
  
  3. Chancellor/Nessen: E. Howard Hunt appears in court. Time Code Start: 10:00. Keywords: national security, intelligence gathering, covert activities, spying, espionage, Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals. Network: NBC.
  
  4. Chancellor: Commentary on possibility of President Nixon's press conference to answer Watergate questions. Time Code Start: 12:00. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: NBC.
  
  5. Chancellor: Mock Air Force Academy prison camp. Time Code Start: 17:00. Keywords: military, training, colleges, universities, Prisoner of War, prisons, prison camps. Network: NBC.
  
  6. Chancellor/Levine: Soybean exporting banned. Time Code Start: 22:40. Keywords: food, agriculture, grains, imports, exports. Network: NBC.
  
  7. Mudd/Schorr: Watergate hearings. Time Code Start: 30:30. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: CBS.
  
  8. Schieffer: More Watergate. Time Code Start: 38:00. Keywords: Watergate, Senate committee hearings, investigations, testimony, testify, cover-ups, break-in, burglary, theft, plumbers, scandals, impeachment, resignations. Network: CBS.
  
  9. Graham: Misuse of political campaign funds. Time Code Start: 39:40. Keywords: Presidential elections, campaigns, campaigning, candidates, costs, finances, funding, credit, loans, cash, currency, funding, financial aid. Network: CBS.
  
  10. Mudd/Kalb: Anti-bombing move on Capitol Hill. Time Code Start: 42:10. Keywords: Congress, House of Representatives, Vietnam War, bombings, voting. Network: CBS.
  
  11. Mudd/Thrilkeld: Former POW Abel Kavanaugh found dead from apparent suicide in Denver, Colorado; 1 of 8 former POWs charged by Colonel Theodore Guy with misconduct; was years in prisoners of war camp and 3 1/2 mos. in US. Time Code Start: 45:50. Keywords: Vietnam War, Vietnam Prisoner of War, death, suicides. Network: CBS.
  
  12. Mudd/Curtis: Soybean exports banned. Time Code Start: 49:50. Keywords: food, agriculture, grains, imports, exports. Network: CBS.
• WHCA-W-139
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 10:00 AM) President Richard Nixon.
  N-PACT
  Runtime: 01:36:04
• WHCA-W-140
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 11:30 AM) President Richard Nixon.
  N-PACT
  Runtime: 01:06:30
• WHCA-W-141
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 2:00 PM)
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 01:05:44
• WHCA-W-142
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 3:00 PM)
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 01:08:01
• WHCA-W-143
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 4:05 PM)
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 01:06:31
• WHCA-W-144
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 5:10 PM)
  CBS
  Runtime: 01:05:44
• WHCA-W-145
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 10:00 AM)
  Post-Newsweek Stations, Inc.
  Runtime: 01:34:32
• WHCA-W-146
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 11:25 AM) FTN: Senator Mike Mansfield; "MTP": James Schlesinger; "I&A": Melvin Laird.
  CBS, NBC, ABC
  Runtime: 1:00
• WHCA-W-147
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean concerning "What did the President know and when did he know it?" (recording begins at 2:00 PM)
  CBS
  Runtime: 01:36:11
• WHCA-W-148
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 3:35 PM)
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 1:30
• WHCA-W-149
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 5:05 PM)
  ALL NETWORKS
  Runtime: 1:00
• WHCA-W-150
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 10:00 AM)
  
  Runtime: 01:36:42
• WHCA-W-151
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 11:40 AM)
  CBS
  Runtime: 01:05:31
• WHCA-W-152
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 2:00 PM)
  Post-Newsweek Stations, Inc.
  Runtime: 01:36:26
• WHCA-W-153
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 3:30 PM) FTN: Ralph Nader; "MTP": Leonard Woodcock, president of the United Automobile Workers Union; "I&A": George Meany, president of the AFL-CIO.
  CBS, NBC, ABC
  Runtime: 01:38:05
• WHCA-W-154
  Proceedings of the Senate Watergate Committee Hearings. Testimony of John Dean (recording begins at 3:30 PM - possibly later, needs confirmation)
  NBC
  Runtime: 1:00

• New York Times of June 28, 1973

• AP Images photos from June 28, 1973
• Getty Images photos from June 28, 1973

The Vanderbilt Television News Archive is the world's most extensive and complete archive of television news. They have been recording, preserving and providing access to television news broadcasts of the national networks since August 5, 1968.

• June 1973 Broadcast Index

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• June 28, 1973